Labor is a continuous process divided into four distinct stages. Recognizing these stages and their phases helps nurses provide appropriate supportive care and monitor for complications.
Stages of Labor
- Stage 1 (Dilation Stage): Begins with the onset of true labor contractions and ends with complete dilation (10 cm) and effacement of the cervix. It is divided into Latent, Active, and Transition phases.
- Stage 2 (Expulsion Stage): Begins with complete dilation of the cervix and ends with the birth of the baby.
- Stage 3 (Placental Stage): Begins with the birth of the baby and ends with the delivery of the placenta. Typical duration is 5 to 30 minutes.
- Stage 4 (Recovery Stage): The first 1 to 4 hours postpartum, focusing on monitoring for hemorrhage and stabilizing the mother's vitals.
Clinical Pearl: During the 3rd stage, observe for signs of placental separation: lengthening of the umbilical cord, a sudden gush of blood, and the uterus changing from discoid to a globular shape.
